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Home / Cost of Adding Draining to 400 Meter Track and Field

Cost of Adding Draining to 400 Meter Track and Field

Sprint running event

Athletics
400 metres
400m CIF San Diego Championship 2007.jpg

The closing stages of a men's 400 m race.
World records
Men South Africa Wayde van Niekerk 43.03 (2016)
Women East Germany Marita Koch 47.60 (1985)
Olympic records
Men South Africa Wayde van Niekerk 43.03 (2016)
Women France Marie-José Pérec 48.25 (1996)
World Championship records
Men United States Michael Johnson 43.18 (1999)
Women Czechoslovakia Jarmila Kratochvílová 47.99 (1983)

The 400 metres, or 400-metre dash, is an endurance race event in track and field competitions. It has been featured in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1964 for women. On a standard outdoor running track, it is one lap around the track. Runners start in staggered positions and race in separate lanes for the entire course. In many countries, athletes previously competed in the 440-yard dash (402.336 m)—which is a quarter of a mile and was referred to as the 'quarter-mile'—instead of the 400 m (437.445 yards), though this distance is now obsolete.

Like other sprint disciplines, the 400 m involves the use of starting blocks. The runners take up position in the blocks on the 'ready' command, adopt a more efficient starting posture which isometrically preloads their muscles on the 'set' command, and stride forwards from the blocks upon hearing the starter's pistol. The blocks allow the runners to begin more powerfully and thereby contribute to their overall sprint speed capability. Maximum sprint speed capability is a significant contributing factor to success in the event, but athletes also require substantial speed endurance and the ability to cope well with high amounts of lactic acid to sustain a fast speed over a whole lap. While considered to be predominantly an anaerobic event, there is some aerobic involvement and the degree of aerobic training required for 400-metre athletes is open to debate.[1]

The current men's world record is held by Wayde van Niekerk of South Africa, with a time of 43.03 seconds. van Niekerk is also the Olympic record holder. Steven Gardiner is the reigning Olympic Champion and World Champion. The world indoor record holder is Michael Norman, in 44.52 seconds. The current women's world record is held by Marita Koch, with a time of 47.60 seconds. Salwa Eid Naser is the reigning women's world champion, while Shaunae Miller-Uibo holds the women's Olympic title. Jarmila Kratochvílová holds the world indoor record at 49.59 dating back to 1982. The men's T43 Paralympic world record of 45.07 seconds is held by Oscar Pistorius.[2]

An Olympic double of 200 metres and 400 m was first achieved by Valerie Brisco-Hooks in 1984, and later by Marie-José Pérec of France and Michael Johnson from the United States on the same evening in 1996. Alberto Juantorena of Cuba at the 1976 Summer Olympics became the first and so far the only athlete to win both the 400 m and 800 m Olympic titles. Pérec became the first to defend the Olympic title in 1996, Johnson became the first and only man to do so in 2000. From 31 appearances in the Olympic Games, the men's gold medalist came from the US 19 times.

Continental records [edit]

  • Updated 22 December 2020.[3] [4]
Area Men Women
Time (s) Athlete Nation Time (s) Athlete Nation
Africa (records) 43.03 WR Wayde van Niekerk South Africa 49.10 Falilat Ogunkoya Nigeria
Asia (records) 43.93 Yousef Masrahi Saudi Arabia 48.14 Salwa Eid Naser Bahrain
Europe (records) 44.33 Thomas Schönlebe East Germany 47.60 WR Marita Koch East Germany
North, Central America
and Caribbean (records) 		43.18 Michael Johnson United States 48.36 Shaunae Miller-Uibo Bahamas
Oceania (records) 44.38 Darren Clark Australia 48.63 Cathy Freeman Australia
South America (records) 43.93 Anthony Zambrano Colombia 49.64 Ximena Restrepo Colombia

All-time top 25 [edit]

Men (outdoor) [edit]

  • Correct as of November 2021.[5] [6]
Ath.# Perf.# Time (s) Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 1 43.03 Wayde van Niekerk South Africa 14 AUG 2016 Rio de Janeiro [7]
2 2 43.18 Michael Johnson United States 26 AUG 1999 Seville
3 3 43.29 Butch Reynolds United States 17 AUG 1988 Zürich
4 43.39 Johnson #2 09 AUG 1995 Gothenburg
5 43.44 Johnson #3 19 JUN 1996 Atlanta
4 6 43.45 Jeremy Wariner United States 31 AUG 2007 Osaka
Michael Norman United States 20 APR 2019 Torrance [8]
8 43.48 van Niekerk #2 26 AUG 2015 Beijing
6 8 43.48 Steven Gardiner Bahamas 04 OCT 2019 Doha [9]
10 43.49 Johnson #4 29 JUL 1996 Atlanta
7 11 43.50 Quincy Watts United States 05 AUG 1992 Barcelona
11 43.50 Wariner #2 07 AUG 2007 Stockholm
13 43.61 Norman #2 08 JUN 2018 Eugene
14 43.62 Wariner #3 14 JUL 2006 Rome
van Niekerk #3 06 JUL 2017 Lausanne
8 16 43.64 Fred Kerley United States 27 JUL 2019 Des Moines [10]
17 43.65 Johnson #5 17 AUG 1993 Stuttgart
9 17 43.65 LaShawn Merritt United States 26 AUG 2015 Beijing [11]
19 43.66 Johnson #6 16 JUN 1995 Sacramento
Johnson #7 03 JUL 1996 Lausanne
21 43.68 Johnson #8 12 AUG 1998 Zürich
Johnson #9 16 JUL 2000 Sacramento
23 43.70 Kerley #2 26 MAY 2017 Austin
24 43.71 Watts #2 03 AUG 1992 Barcelona
10 25 43.72 Isaac Makwala Botswana 05 JUL 2015 La Chaux-de-Fonds [12]
11 43.74 Kirani James Grenada 03 JUL 2014 Lausanne [13]
12 43.81 Danny Everett United States 26 JUN 1992 New Orleans
13 43.85 Randolph Ross United States 11 JUN 2021 Eugene [14]
14 43.86 A Lee Evans United States 18 OCT 1968 Mexico City
15 43.87 Steve Lewis United States 28 SEP 1988 Seoul
16 43.93 Yousef Masrahi Saudi Arabia 23 AUG 2015 Beijing [15]
Rusheen McDonald Jamaica 23 AUG 2015 Beijing [15]
Anthony Zambrano Colombia 02 AUG 2021 Tokyo [16]
19 43.94 Akeem Bloomfield Jamaica 08 JUN 2018 Eugene [17]
20 43.97 A Larry James United States 18 OCT 1968 Mexico City
21 44.01 Machel Cedenio Trinidad and Tobago 14 AUG 2016 Rio de Janeiro [7]
22 44.02 Baboloki Thebe Botswana 06 JUL 2017 Lausanne [18]
23 44.03 Michael Cherry United States 03 SEP 2021 Brussels [19]
24 44.05 Angelo Taylor United States 23 JUN 2007 Indianapolis
25 44.07 Abdalelah Haroun Qatar 21 JUL 2018 London [20]

Women (outdoor) [edit]

  • Correct as of November 2021.[21] [22]
Ath.# Perf.# Time (s) Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 1 47.60 Marita Koch East Germany 06 OCT 1985 Canberra
2 2 47.99 Jarmila Kratochvílová Czechoslovakia 10 AUG 1983 Helsinki
3 3 48.14 Salwa Eid Naser Bahrain 03 OCT 2019 Doha [23]
4 48.16 Koch #2 08 SEP 1982 Athens
Koch #3 16 AUG 1984 Prague
6 48.22 Koch #4 28 AUG 1986 Stuttgart
4 7 48.25 Marie-José Pérec France 29 JUL 1996 Atlanta
8 48.26 Koch #5 27 JUL 1984 Dresden
5 9 48.27 Olga Bryzgina Soviet Union 06 OCT 1985 Canberra
6 10 48.36 Shaunae Miller-Uibo Bahamas 06 AUG 2021 Tokyo
11 48.37 Miller-Uibo #2 03 OCT 2019 Doha
12 48.45 Kratochvílová #2 23 JUL 1983 Prague
7 13 48.59 Taťána Kocembová Czechoslovakia 10 AUG 1983 Helsinki
14 48.60 Koch #6 04 AUG 1979 Turin
Bryzgina #2 17 AUG 1985 Moscow
16 48.61 Kratochvílová #3 06 SEP 1981 Rome
8 17 48.63 Cathy Freeman Australia 29 JUL 1996 Atlanta
18 48.65 Bryzgina #3 26 SEP 1988 Seoul
9 19 48.70 Sanya Richards-Ross United States 16 SEP 1996 Athens
20 48.73 Kocembová #2 16 AUG 1984 Prague
21 48.77 Koch #7 09 JUL 1982 Karl-Marx-Stadt
22 48.82 Kratochvílová #4 23 JUN 1983 Prague
10 23 48.83 Valerie Brisco-Hooks United States 06 AUG 1984 Los Angeles
23 48.83 Pérec #2 05 AUG 1992 Barcelona
Richards-Ross #2 04 SEP 2009 Brussels
11 48.89 Ana Guevara Mexico 27 AUG 2003 Saint-Denis
12 49.05 Chandra Cheeseborough United States 06 AUG 1984 Los Angeles
13 49.07 Tonique Williams-Darling Bahamas 12 SEP 2004 Berlin
14 49.10 Falilat Ogunkoya Nigeria 29 JUL 1996 Atlanta
15 49.11 Olga Nazarova Soviet Union 25 SEP 1988 Seoul
16 49.16 Antonina Krivoshapka Russia 05 JUL 2012 Cheboksary
17 49.19 Mariya Pinigina Soviet Union 10 AUG 1983 Helsinki
18 49.20 Marileidy Paulino Dominican Republic 06 AUG 2021 Tokyo
19 49.22 Christine Mboma Namibia 17 APR 2021 Windhoek
20 49.24 Sabine Busch East Germany 02 JUN 1984 Erfurt
21 49.26 Allyson Felix United States 27 AUG 2015 Beijing [24]
22 49.28 Pauline Davis Bahamas 29 JUL 1996 Atlanta
23 49.29 Irena Szewińska Poland 29 JUL 1976 Montreal
Charity Opara Nigeria 14 JUL 1998 Rome
25 49.30 Petra Schersing East Germany 03 JUN 1988 Jena
Lorraine Fenton Jamaica 19 JUL 2002 Monaco

Annulled marks [edit]

  • Christine Mboma ran 48.54 in Bydgoszcz on 30 June 2021, but her performance was removed from the World Athletics database because of Testosterone regulations in women's athletics.
  • Aminatou Seyni ran 49.19 in Lausanne on 5 July 2019, but her performance was removed from the World Athletics database because of Testosterone regulations in women's athletics.
  • Yuliya Gushchina ran 49.28 in Cheboksary on 5 July 2012, but her time was annulled after she tested positive for turinabol—a banned steroid—in a 2016 retest of a sample taken from the 2011 World Championships.[25]

Men (indoor) [edit]

  • Correct as of March 2021.[26]
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 44.52 Michael Norman United States 10 March 2018 College Station
2 44.57 Kerron Clement United States 12 March 2005 Fayetteville
3 44.63 Michael Johnson United States 4 March 1995 Atlanta
4 44.71 Noah Williams United States 13 March 2021 Fayetteville [27]
5 44.80 Kirani James Grenada 27 February 2011 Fayetteville
6 44.82 Tyrell Richard United States 9 March 2019 Birmingham [28]
7 44.85 Fred Kerley United States 11 March 2017 College Station
8 44.86 Akeem Bloomfield Jamaica 10 March 2018 College Station
9 44.88 Bralon Taplin Grenada 3 February 2018 College Station
10 44.93 LaShawn Merritt United States 11 February 2005 Fayetteville
11 44.99 Randolph Ross United States 13 March 2021 Fayetteville [27]
12 45.02 Danny Everett United States 2 February 1992 Stuttgart
13 45.03 Torrin Lawrence United States 12 February 2010 Fayetteville
Deon Lendore Trinidad and Tobago 1 March 2014 College Station
Kahmari Montgomery United States 9 March 2019 Birmingham [28]
16 45.05 Thomas Schönlebe East Germany 5 February 1988 Sindelfingen
Alvin Harrison United States 28 February 1998 Atlanta
Karsten Warholm Norway 2 March 2019 Glasgow [29]
19 45.11 Nery Brenes Costa Rica 10 March 2012 Istanbul
20 45.14 Jacory Patterson United States 13 March 2021 Fayetteville [27]
21 45.16 Mylik Kerley United States 10 March 2018 College Station
Wilbert London United States 9 March 2019 Birmingham
23 45.17 Lalonde Gordon Trinidad and Tobago 8 February 2014 Boston
24 45.18 Calvin Harrison United States 28 February 1998 Atlanta
25 45.21 Tony McQuay United States 27 February 2011 Fayetteville

Notes [edit]

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 45.21:

  • Michael Johnson also ran 44.66 (1996), 44.97 (1995), 45.14 (1993) and 45.17 (1994).
  • Michael Norman also ran 45.00 (2018).
  • Fred Kerley also ran 45.02 (2017), 45.03 (2021) and 45.18 (2018).
  • Akeem Bloomfield also ran 45.02 (2018).
  • Kahmari Montgomery also ran 45.04 (2019).
  • Torrin Lawrence also ran 45.10 (2010).
  • Deon Lendore also ran 45.15 (2013) and 45.21 (2014).
  • Kirani James also ran 45.19 (2012).
  • Bralon Taplin also ran 45.19 (2017) and 45.20 (2016).
  • Wilbert London also ran 45.19 (2019).
  • Randolph Ross also ran 45.21 (2021).

Women (indoor) [edit]

  • Correct as of February 2021.[30]
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Place Ref
1 49.59 Jarmila Kratochvílová Czechoslovakia 7 March 1982 Milan
2 49.68 Natalya Nazarova Russia 18 February 2004 Moscow
3 49.76 Taťána Kocembová Czechoslovakia 2 February 1984 Vienna
4 50.01 Sabine Busch East Germany 2 February 1984 Vienna
5 50.02 Nicola Sanders Great Britain 3 March 2007 Birmingham
6 50.04 Olesya Krasnomovets Russia 18 February 2006 Moscow
12 March 2006 Moscow
7 50.15 Olga Zaytseva Russia 25 January 2006 Moscow
8 50.21 Vania Stambolova Bulgaria 12 March 2006 Moscow
Shaunae Miller-Uibo Bahamas 13 February 2021 Staten Island [31]
10 50.23 Irina Privalova Russia 12 March 1995 Barcelona
11 50.28 Petra Müller East Germany 6 March 1988 Budapest
12 50.34 Christine Amertil Bahamas 12 March 2006 Moscow
Kendall Ellis United States 10 March 2018 College Station
14 50.36 Sydney McLaughlin United States 10 March 2018 College Station
15 50.37 Natalya Antyukh Russia 18 February 2006 Moscow
16 50.40 Dagmar Neubauer East Germany 2 February 1984 Vienna
17 50.41 Svetlana Pospelova Russia 5 March 2005 Madrid
18 50.42 Olga Kotlyarova Russia 27 January 2001 Moscow
19 50.45 Grit Breuer Germany 1 March 1998 Valencia
20 50.46 A Phyllis Francis United States 15 March 2014 Albuquerque
21 50.52 Athing Mu United States 6 February 2021 College Station [32]
22 50.53 Katharine Merry Great Britain 18 February 2001 Birmingham
23 50.54 Francena McCorory United States 12 March 2010 Fayetteville
24 50.55 Svetlana Usovich Belarus 5 March 2005 Madrid
Antonina Krivoshapka Russia 14 February 2009 Moscow
Courtney Okolo United States 3 March 2018 Birmingham

Notes [edit]

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 50.00:

  • Jarmila Kratochvílová also ran 49.64 (1981) and 49.69 (1983).
  • Taťána Kocembová also ran 49.97 (1984).
  • Natalya Nazarova also ran 49.98 (2006).

Fastest relay splits [edit]

Most successful athletes [edit]

3 or more 400-metre victories at the Olympic Games and World Championships:

  • 6 wins: Michael Johnson (USA) - Olympic Champion in 1996 and 2000, World Champion in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999.
  • 4 wins: Marie-Jose Perec (FRA) - Olympic Champion in 1992 and 1996, World Champion in 1991 and 1995.
  • 3 wins: Cathy Freeman (AUS) - Olympic Champion in 2000, World Champion in 1997 and 1999
  • 3 wins: Jeremy Wariner (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2004, World Champion in 2005 and 2007.
  • 3 wins: Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2007 and 2013.
  • 3 wins: LaShawn Merritt (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2009 and 2013.
  • 3 wins: Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) - Olympic Champion in 2016, World Champion in 2015 and 2017.

The Olympic champion has frequently won a second gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay. This has been accomplished 14 times by men; Charles Reidpath, Ray Barbuti, Bill Carr, George Rhoden, Charles Jenkins, Otis Davis, Mike Larrabee, Lee Evans, Viktor Markin, Alonzo Babers, Steve Lewis, Quincy Watts, Jeremy Wariner and LaShawn Merritt; and 4 times by women; Monika Zehrt, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Olga Bryzgina and Sanya Richards-Ross. All but Rhoden, Markin, Zehrt and Bryzgina ran on American relay teams. Injured after his double in 1996, Johnson also accomplished the feat in 2000 only to have it disqualified when his teammate Antonio Pettigrew admitted to doping.

Olympic medalists [edit]

Men [edit]

Women [edit]

World Championships medalists [edit]

Men [edit]

Women [edit]

World Indoor Championships medalists [edit]

Men [edit]

Women [edit]

  • A Known as the World Indoor Games

Season's bests [edit]

Notes and references [edit]

  1. ^ Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, "Aerobic versus anaerobic training for success in various athletic events" by Shepard, R. J., 1978
  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "Men's outdoor 400 Metres". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  4. ^ "Women's outdoor 400 Metres". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Senior Outdoor 400 Metres Men". World Athletics . Retrieved 12 June 2021.
  6. ^ "All-time men's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 8 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  7. ^ a b "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  8. ^ "61st ANNUAL MT. SAC RELAYS". rtspt.com. RecordTiming. 20 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  9. ^ "400m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  10. ^ Roy Jordan (28 July 2019). "Kendricks tops 6.06m in Des Moines". IAAF. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  11. ^ "400m Results". IAAF. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  12. ^ "400m Results" (PDF). www.sep-olympic.ch. 5 July 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ Jess Whittington (12 June 2021). "Burrell breaks world U20 400m hurdles record in Eugene". World Athletics. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  15. ^ a b "400m Men - Heats Results". IAAF. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  16. ^ "Men's 400m Semifinal Results Summary" (PDF). olympics.com. 2 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  17. ^ Roy Jordan (9 June 2018). "Benjamin and Norman break collegiate records at NCAA Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  18. ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  19. ^ "Men's 400m Results".
  20. ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
  21. ^ "Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Outdoor 400 Metres Women". World Athletics. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  22. ^ "All-time women's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 26 November 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  23. ^ "400m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  24. ^ "400m Results". IAAF. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  25. ^ Pavitt, Michael (26 November 2019). "CAS confirm bans against two Russian athletes over London 2012 retests". Inside the Games. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  26. ^ "Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Indoor 400 Metres Men". World Athletics. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  27. ^ a b c "Results: Men 400 M (Finals)". Flash Results. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b "400m Results". flashresults.com. 9 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  29. ^ "400m Final Results" (PDF). EAA. 2 March 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  30. ^ "Senior Indoor 400 Metres Women". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  31. ^ Taylor Dutch (14 February 2021). "Three American Records and 10 National Records Fall at the New Balance Indoor Grand Prix". runnersworld.com . Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  32. ^ Jon Mulkeen (7 February 2021). "Mu breaks world U20 indoor 400m record, Iapichino leaps 6.75m". World Athletics. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  33. ^ "4x400 Metres Relay Icons". Retrieved 10 June 2018. Jeremy Wariner: The two-time world 400m champion was a key member of the USA 4x400m squad in the 2000s, picking up two Olympic relay golds and three world titles. He also boasts the second-fastest relay split in history with his 42.93 from the 2007 World Championships.
  34. ^ "Men's 4×400m Relay Results". ncaa.com. 27 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  35. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2016. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 400 metres.
  • IAAF list of 400-metres records in XML
  • All-time Masters men's 400 m list
  • All-time Masters women's 400 m list

Cost of Adding Draining to 400 Meter Track and Field

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400_metres