What Do They Do to Icrease Milk Production by Cows in India
How to Increase Milk Production in Dairy Cows in India?
India ranks first in milk product in the globe. The government of Bharat plans to increase milk product at a rate of 23% per year. Diverse toll-effective and practically viable strategies which can exist implemented for increasing milk production in India are given in this post. In Bharat, where the population is largely vegetarian, dairy is a chief source of protein. Milk-based paneer, ghee, yogurt, and sauces are all staples of daily life. Making the country both the largest consumer and the largest producer of dairy in the world.
Only a combination of low genetic potential, poor diet management, and lack of veterinary support in India's dairy cows are keeping the nation's milk yields significantly below global standards. The milk yield and fat per centum are based on the genetic potential of a buffalo or a moo-cow. Y'all cannot increment the milk yield of dairy cows across its genetic potential. Simply nigh dairy farmers in Bharat, do non fifty-fifty get the actual potential milk yield from their dairy animals. The primary reason for this malnutrition as well as the dairy cattle are put into various stress factors. So, the easiest manner to increase the milk yield is to address the nutritional requirements & stress factors.
Tips to increase milk production in cows – Address Nutritional Factors
- Provide 20 to 25 kgs of light-green fodder – Don't only provide only one variety of light-green fodder – try to mix legumes such as hedge lucerne, cowpea along with regular fodder such every bit C04, Sorghum, etc. Chaff the green fodder – this will increase the nutritional intake also as reduce wastage.
- Provide 10 kgs of dry fodder – is advised to provide dry fodder afterwards the evening milking.
- Provide 4 kgs of concentrate feed – increase this quantity for high milkers. Don't employ just 1 variety of dhana – effort to mix i oil cake such as cottonseed cake, groundnut cake, or whatsoever is locally available, 1 grain as maize powder, and 1 husk such as black gram husk, paddy husk, etc. Soaking this overnight will ferment the feed and increase the nutritional intake.
- Provide fifty grams mineral mixture – this is very important. If you do not provide mineral mixture it volition effect in micro-nutrient deficiency which will decrease milk yield besides cause reproductive issues.
- Provide 30 liters of hygienic/make clean water.
Tips to increase milk product in cows – Address Stress Factors
- Follow the verbal routine every day.
- Wash the animals twice a mean solar day.
- Validate the dung is cleared thrice a day.
- Brand sure the animals are not browbeaten or threatened.
- Check in that location are no mosquitoes in the shed.
- Always milk at the same time and by the same person.
- If the milker takes too long to milk the entire milk, so also milk yield will exist reduced.
- Make certain to deworm the animals regularly. Worms in the stomach will drastically reduce milk yield.
- Practice non necktie animals in direct sunlight. Allowing the animal to freely graze for at least a few hours will increase the metabolism and as well the animal volition be happy – a happy animate being produces more milk.
Basically, address all needs of a cow or a buffalo. When you do that, the cow or buffalo will give maximum milk that it can produce as well as milk fat and SNF volition also increase.
Lactation period of a cow in India
The optimum lactation menstruation for a moo-cow in Republic of india is 305 days. Cows must calve to produce milk and the lactation cycle is the flow between one calving and the next. The bike is split into 4 phases, early, mid and late lactation (each of about 120 days, or d) and the dry period (which should last as long as 65 d). In an platonic world, cows calve every 12 months. A number of changes occur in cows every bit they progress through different stages of lactation. As well every bit variations in milk production, in that location are changes in feed intake and body condition, and stage of pregnancy.
Figure 1 presents the interrelationships betwixt feed intake, milk yield, and live weight for a Friesian cow with a 14-month inter-calving interval, hence a 360 d lactation. Following calving, a cow may start producing ten kg/d of milk, rise to a height of twenty kg/d past about 7 weeks into lactation then gradually fall to 5 kg/d by the end of lactation. Although her maintenance requirements will not vary, she will need more than dietary free energy and protein as milk product increases and then less when production declines. However, to regain trunk status in late lactation, she will require boosted energy.
Cows usually utilize their own body status for most 12 weeks after calving, to provide free energy in addition to that consumed. The energy released is used to produce milk, allowing them to reach higher peak product than would exist possible from their diet alone. To do this, cows must accept sufficient torso status bachelor to lose, and therefore they must have put information technology on belatedly in the previous lactation or during the dry period.
From calving to top lactation
Milk yield at the peak of lactation sets upwards the potential milk production for the year. One actress kg per twenty-four hours at the acme tin produce an extra 200 kg/cow over the unabridged lactation. There are a number of obstacles to feeding the herd well in early on lactation to maximize the peak. The foremost of these is voluntary food intake. At calving, appetite is only about l to 70 per centum of the maximum at acme intake. This is considering during the dry period, the growing dogie takes upwards space, reducing rumen volume and the density and size of rumen papillae are reduced. Afterward calving, it takes time for the rumen to "stretch" and the papillae to regrow. It is not until weeks 10-12 that appetite reaches its full potential.
Tiptop lactation to peak intake
Post-obit peak lactation, cows' appetites gradually increment until they can consume all the nutrients required for product, provided the diet is of high quality. From Effigy 1, cows tend to maintain weight during this phase of their lactation.
Mid and tardily lactation
Although energy required for milk product is less demanding during this menstruum because milk production is failing, energy is yet important because of pregnancy and the demand to build upward torso status as an energy reserve for the next lactation. It is generally more than efficient to improve the condition of the herd in late lactation rather than in the dry period.
Dry period
Maintaining (or increasing) body status during the dry out menstruum is the key to ensuring cows have acceptable body reserves for early lactation. If cows calve with adequate torso reserves, they can bicycle within two or 3 months after calving. If cows calve in poor condition, milk product suffers in early lactation because trunk reserves are not available to contribute energy. In fact, dietary free energy can be channeled towards weight gain rather than existence made available from the desired weight loss. For this reason, high feeding levels in early lactation cannot make up for poor body condition at calving.
Persistency of milk production throughout lactation
The ii major factors determining full lactation yield are peak lactation and the charge per unit of decline from this peak. In temperate dairy systems, total milk yield for 300-day lactation tin be estimated by multiplying summit yield by 200. Hence a cow peaking at 20 liters per day (L/d) should produce 4000 L/lactation, while a elevation of 30 L/d equates to a 6000 Fifty full lactation milk yield.
This is based on a rate of decline of 7 to 8 percentage per month from peak yield, that is every month the cow produces, on average, 7 to 8 percent of peak yield less than in the previous month. This level of persistence is the target for well-managed, pasture-based herds in temperate regions. Actual values can vary from 3 to four per centum per month in fully fed, lot fed cows to 12 percent or more per month in very poorly fed cows, for example during a astringent dry flavor following a good wet season in the tropics.
The rate of decline from elevation, or persistency, depends on:
- Meridian milk yield
- Food intake post-obit peak yield
- Body condition at calving
- Other factors such as disease status and climatic stress
Generally speaking, the college the milk yield at peak, the lower its persistency in percentage terms.
Under feeding of cows immediately post-calving reduces top yield but besides has adverse effects on persistency and fertility. Dairy cows take been bred to utilize body reserves for additional milk production, but high rates of alive weight loss will filibuster the onset of oestrus. Underfeeding of high genetic merit cows in early lactation is one of the biggest nutritionally induced issues facing many smallholder farmers in the humid tropics because they oftentimes practice not have the necessary improvements in feeding systems to employ the high genetic potential. If imported loftier genetic quality cows are not well fed, milk production is compromised, but of more importance, they volition not wheel until many months post-calving.
The efficiency of Feed Rations
To maximize profitability, milk product needs to exist efficient. Milk quality, condom, and sustainability must also be factored in. The rumen is the major digestive organ in ruminants. Its rich and complex ecosystem, allowing for fiber digestion, can exist highly sensitive to food-concentrated diets, leading to disorders. Managing the rumen includes balancing the gut microflora for optimal fermentation and dietary efficiency. It is important to avoid excess rumen digestions as not to waste unnecessary nutrients on the microbes, and to minimize unwanted gases such as methane and ammonia. This can also lead to nitrogen and free energy losses and has environmental consequences. The nutritionists strive to improve feed efficiency to reduce the costs of product. Due to the genetic selection and the increase of dairy performances, the optimization of ruminant fermentation is a key cistron in feed efficiency.
Supporting the Metabolism
Milk production is activated by reproduction, which in plow needs optimal metabolic function. The liver plays a cardinal office in all of this by doing the following:
- Produces, stores and uses glucose, the nigh of import source of energy in the body;
- Synthesizes fatty acids, triglycerides, ketones, and cholesterol, and prevents fatty infiltrations;
- Regulates the rate at which fatty acids circulate;
- Balances poly peptide biosynthesis and degradation;
- Ensures vitamin storage and redistribution to the tissues.
Furthermore, the liver supports the processes of degradation and detoxification, as well as the transformation of a large number of endogenous and exogenous substances. With the improvement of their productivity, dairy cows are confronted, mainly in early lactation, with changes in their metabolism. Too early or too intense mobilization of their adipose reserves intensively stimulates hepatic metabolism which tin can induce liver steatosis or ketosis. The consequences are decreased appetite, degradation of gluconeogenesis , a decrease in the allowed response, and an increase in oxidative stress. Finally, any alteration of the immunity will crusade an exacerbation of the infectious phenomena (metritis, mastitis). But too metabolic with straight impacts on the health of the animals and their reproductive performances. Acceptable rearing, control of feeding, and adapted feed transitions can prevent the occurrence of these diseases. And increment the longevity and product capacity of ruminants.
Read: Bhiwandi Farmer Buys Helicopter Worth Rs 30 Crore to Sell Milk
Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh
Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, Republic of india
Mob No: 9431309542
Email ID: rajeshsinghvet@gmail.com
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Source: https://indiancattle.com/how-to-increase-cows-milk/